Swagat Das

PhD Researcher · Artificial Intelligence · Computer Vision · Cybersecurity · Cyber-Physical Systems

LiDAR and 3D Perception · Edge AI · Agentic LLMs · Smart Manufacturing · Medical Imaging

My Story

Most work in artificial intelligence begins in controlled settings. Mine did not.

I began in electrical engineering and energy systems, working with physical infrastructure where performance had to be demonstrated beyond simulation. Years of research, teaching, and laboratory development shaped how I approach AI today. If a system does not hold up outside the lab, it is not finished.

I am now a PhD student and Graduate Research Assistant at Virginia Commonwealth University. My research spans computer vision, LiDAR and 3D point clouds, edge-based video analytics, self-supervised anomaly detection, generative medical imaging, and cybersecurity for industrial cyber-physical systems.

A growing part of my work focuses on human-supervised agentic LLM workflows and reproducible smart-manufacturing test environments. I am interested in systems that can reason over structured context, use tools within defined boundaries, preserve evidence, and keep people involved in consequential decisions.

I also care about human-AI collaboration, explainable AI, and responsible AI. In many of the systems I study, trust, oversight, and accountability matter as much as model performance.

Before beginning my PhD, I spent more than seven years at KIIT University as an Assistant Professor and later as Assistant Director for Quality Assurance. Outside research, I enjoy sports analytics, travel, new cuisines, and learning from people with different backgrounds.

Projects

Current and Recent Research

Large-Scale Aerial LiDAR Semantic Segmentation

Jan 2025 – Present
Virginia Commonwealth University · VIPC collaboration

Developing scalable deep-learning pipelines for semantic segmentation of large aerial LiDAR point clouds in geospatial and remote-sensing applications.

  • Built end-to-end workflows for preprocessing, training, inference, and evaluation across large 3D point-cloud datasets.
  • Used GPU and HPC environments for distributed batching, mixed-precision training, and high-volume data processing.
  • Addressed class imbalance, sensor variation, and cross-region generalization through sampling, loss design, domain adaptation, and hard-example analysis.
  • Developed a scalable stack spanning ETL, model experimentation, inference, and quantitative error analysis.

Edge-Based Traffic Video Analytics for Intelligent Infrastructure

2026 – Present
Commonwealth Cyber Initiative · Edge AI and computer vision

Developing a real-time traffic perception pipeline for edge deployment using NVIDIA Jetson devices and real CCTV video.

  • Integrated YOLO-based object detection and drivable-area segmentation with ByteTrack multi-object tracking.
  • Developed road-bound filtering, stable vehicle identities, class voting, trajectory histories, and dwell-time analytics.
  • Evaluated performance under occlusion, low-confidence detections, fragmented tracks, and duplicate-track conditions.
  • Designed the workflow for resource-aware edge inference and intelligent transportation applications.

Smart Manufacturing Digital Twins and Cyber-Range Evaluation

Nov 2025 – Present
Industrial cybersecurity · Agentic AI · Smart manufacturing

Building a phased smart-manufacturing cybersecurity testbed that converts structured plant descriptions into reproducible cyber-range environments.

  • Generates plant digital twins from SysML-based system representations and network graphs.
  • Represents assets, connectivity, process relationships, and operational context for structured system reasoning.
  • Converts generated environments into containerized Docker and Containernet cyber ranges.
  • Supports attack-graph generation, controlled vulnerability testing, and red-team/blue-team evaluation.
  • Integrates human-supervised agentic LLM workflows for bounded tool use, evidence tracking, review, and traceable recommendations.

Generative AI for Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy

2026 – Present
Diffusion models · 2D/3D medical imaging · Radiotherapy

Contributing to diffusion-based research in 2D and 3D medical imaging and anatomy-aware prediction for radiotherapy applications.

  • Working with conditional diffusion models and U-Net-based denoising architectures.
  • Integrating volumetric CT representations with slice-level prediction to preserve global 3D context.
  • Using pretrained segmentation features and cross-attention for anatomy-aware conditioning.
  • Evaluating image similarity and clinically relevant quantitative measures across multiple treatment settings.

Electric Vehicle Integrated Safety, Intelligence, and OperatioNs (eVISION)

Jan 2025 – Sep 2025
Virginia Commonwealth University · Idaho National Laboratory

A multi-institutional R&D effort focused on reliability, observability, and operational resilience of EV charging infrastructure.

  • Built scalable pipelines aggregating approximately one million charging sessions into state, city, and charger-level features.
  • Designed a charger health score from availability, failures, retries, utilization, and temporal weighting.
  • Supported short-term forecasting using spatial and temporal relationships across charging locations.
  • Co-developed a Dash and Mapbox platform with KPI cards, drilldowns, trend views, forecasts, and diagnostics.
  • Improved responsiveness using Dask-based parallelization, caching, and decoupled data and interface components.

AI-Based ECG Diagnostic Pipeline

Jan 2025 – May 2025
Deep learning · Biomedical anomaly detection

Designed an early-stage AI pipeline for ECG image classification and anomaly detection.

  • Combined neural style transfer with self-supervised representation learning.
  • Explored deep architecture design, pretext tasks, and optimization using PyTorch and TensorFlow.

Earlier Engineering Projects

Space Vector Modulation for Three-Phase Power Converters

Aug 2016 – Dec 2016
University of Missouri–Kansas City
  • Designed and analyzed space-vector modulation schemes using MATLAB and Simulink.
  • Compared total harmonic distortion, current ripple, and switching-state utilization.

Advanced Substation Design

Aug 2015 – Dec 2015
University of Missouri–Kansas City
  • Reviewed substation components, protection requirements, and bus configurations.
  • Studied flexibility, communication, and reliability requirements for future smart-grid substations.

Smart Distribution Network Modeling with OpenDSS

May 2015 – Dec 2015
University of Missouri–Kansas City
  • Built basic medium- and low-voltage network models in OpenDSS.
  • Interfaced OpenDSS with Excel VBA and MATLAB for analysis and automation.

Filter Design for Power Quality Improvement

Jan 2015 – May 2015
University of Missouri–Kansas City
  • Assessed harmonic distortion in an electric power system.
  • Designed a passive filter in PSCAD to reduce voltage distortion toward IEEE 519 limits.

Grid-Interactive PV System for Miller Nichols Library

Jan 2015 – May 2015
University of Missouri–Kansas City
  • Designed a 480 kW grid-interactive solar installation with expansion capacity.
  • Used HelioScope for system design and SAM-PV for economic analysis.

Technical Expertise

Research methods, platforms, and engineering tools used across current and prior work.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Models, representation learning, and evaluation

Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Self-Supervised Learning, Diffusion Models, Generative AI, Transformers, Graph Neural Networks, Anomaly Detection, Time-Series Forecasting, Predictive Modeling, Domain Adaptation, Class-Imbalance Handling, Explainable AI, Responsible AI, Human-AI Collaboration

Computer Vision, Medical Imaging, and Perception

2D/3D understanding and video intelligence

LiDAR, Point-Cloud Processing, 2D and 3D Perception, Object Detection, Semantic Segmentation, Instance Segmentation, Multi-Object Tracking, Video Analytics, Trajectory Analysis, CT Image Analysis, Medical Imaging, OpenCV, YOLO, ByteTrack

Edge AI, Data, and Computing

Deployment and large-scale experimentation

NVIDIA Jetson, Embedded Vision, Embedded Systems, Python, C++, PyTorch, Pandas, NumPy, Dask, cuDF, GPU Computing, High-Performance Computing, Parallel and Distributed Computing, Linux, Git, Jupyter

Cybersecurity and Industrial Systems

Cyber-physical and operational technology environments

Cyber-Physical Systems, Industrial Cybersecurity, Operational Technology, Industrial Control Systems, SCADA, Smart Manufacturing, Digital Twins, SysML, Attack Graphs, CAN Bus Security, Intrusion Detection, Adversarial Machine Learning, Vulnerability Assessment, Cyber-Range Evaluation, Red-Team/Blue-Team Evaluation, NIST Cybersecurity Framework

Agentic AI, Development, and Visualization

Structured reasoning, tools, and research interfaces

Large Language Models, Agentic AI, Human-Supervised AI, Tool-Augmented Reasoning, Model Context Protocol, Knowledge Representation, Graph-Based Reasoning, Human Oversight, Docker, Containernet, Dash, Plotly, Mapbox, Geospatial Analytics, MATLAB

Publications

Recent and Featured Research

Human-Supervised Agentic LLM Workflows for Industrial Cybersecurity: NIST-Aligned Task Mapping and Testbed Evaluation Criteria
18th International Conference on Human System Interaction (HSI) · 2026

Presents a human-supervised framework for agentic LLM workflows in industrial cybersecurity, mapping Observe–Reason–Act activities to NIST CSF 2.0 functions and defining evaluation criteria for evidence handling, tool use, approval, verification, and reproducible testbed studies.

Learning Beyond Labels: Self-Supervised Methods for Anomaly Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems
51st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON) · 2025

Surveys self-supervised methods for anomaly detection in cyber-physical systems across contrastive, reconstructive, predictive, and joint-embedding paradigms. It synthesizes and compares reported results from 29 methods and identifies deployment challenges involving concept drift, privacy, explainability, and edge constraints.

KPU-Net: Kernel Point U-Net for 3D LiDAR Ground Segmentation
51st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON) · 2025

Introduces a KPConv-augmented U-Net architecture for robust LiDAR ground segmentation under geometric distortion, occlusion, clutter, and irregular terrain, with emphasis on both accuracy and scalable point-cloud processing.

GAP-CAN: Gradient-Based Adversarial Attack on Transformers for CAN Bus Anomaly Detection
IEEE International Conference on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS) · 2025

Studies the robustness limits of transformer-based CAN bus anomaly detectors using a gradient-based adversarial search strategy adapted to tokenized sequence inputs.

OpenCyberCity: A Modular Cyber-Physical Smart City Testbed for End-to-End Sensing, Analytics, and Edge Intelligence
Research Poster · 2026

Presents a modular smart-city testbed connecting sensing, edge intelligence, analytics, and cyber-physical experimentation for intelligent infrastructure research.

Earlier Publications

A Single-Source-Based 13-Level Switched Capacitor Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Components
IEEE STPEC · 2023

Proposes a switched-capacitor multilevel inverter topology that produces 13 output levels from a single source while reducing component count and supporting voltage boosting and self-balancing operation.

Review of Faults in Transformers
International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology · 2022

Reviews major transformer disturbances, fault categories, diagnostic approaches, and protection schemes relevant to transformer reliability.

Identification of the Dominant Harmonic Source Type in the Distribution Network Using the Soft Computing Technique
International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems · 2022

Presents a wavelet-based soft-computing approach for identifying dominant harmonic-source type and location in distribution networks.

GaN-Based Isolated Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for High Load Current Application
IEEE DELCON · 2022

Evaluates a GaN HEMT-based isolated dual-active-bridge converter under single-phase-shift control for high-current bidirectional power conversion.

Status of Energy in Syria: Study on How to Meet the Energy Shortage by Means of Renewable Resources
International Renewable Engineering Conference · 2021

Examines Syria's energy deficit and evaluates solar, wind, and smart-grid development as pathways for reconstruction and future supply.

Performance Evaluation of PV-SOFC Grid-Integrated 3P3W System by UPQC with Sinusoidal Current Control Strategy at Constant Irradiance
IEEE HYDCON · 2020

Evaluates power-quality improvement in a PV-SOFC grid-integrated system using a unified power quality conditioner and sinusoidal-current control.

DGA and AI Technique for Fault Diagnosis in Distribution Transformer
ETAEERE · 2020

Uses dissolved-gas analysis with support-vector machines and decision trees for transformer fault classification.

A Novel Single-Phase Switched Capacitor Multilevel Inverter with Voltage Boosting Ability for Renewable Applications
ETAEERE · 2020

Introduces a 19-level switched-capacitor inverter topology with voltage boosting and self-balancing capability for renewable-energy applications.

Emerging Trends in Electric Vehicles in the Indian Market
RDCAPE · 2019

Reviews electric-vehicle market development, charging infrastructure, and regulatory and economic considerations in India.

Arduino-Based Safety Device for the Visually Challenged
IEEE ICCSP · 2019

Presents a low-cost wearable obstacle-detection device using ultrasonic sensing, audio alerts, and vibration feedback.

Modelling of Photovoltaic Faults Due to Shading
IEEE AESPC · 2018

Models shading-related photovoltaic faults in MATLAB and analyzes their electrical characteristics and output behavior.

Fast Charging a 12V Battery Using Wireless Power Transfer Concept
IEEE ICRIEECE · 2018

Combines inductive wireless power transfer and fast-charging circuitry for a 12V battery charging system.

Classification of Different Types of Faults in a Photovoltaic System
ICCPEIC · 2018

Classifies AC- and DC-side photovoltaic-system faults and discusses their effects on safety, reliability, and performance.

Active Power Cycling and Condition Monitoring of IGBT Power Modules Using Reflectometry
IEEE APEC · 2018

Studies accelerated power cycling and reflectometry-based health monitoring of IGBT power modules under aging stress.

Detection of Aging-Related IGBT Bond-Wire Lift-Off Using Spread Spectrum Time Domain Reflectometry
IEEE APEC · 2017

Introduces an SSTDR-based technique for detecting bond-wire lift-off in operating IGBT modules and linking signal changes to aging-related degradation.

Patents

Research and Professional Experience

Graduate Research Assistant and PhD Student

Virginia Commonwealth University · Jan 2025 – Present
Modern Heuristics Research Group · Richmond, Virginia
  • Developed a real-time EV charger health analytics and forecasting platform with Idaho National Laboratory using approximately one million charging sessions.
  • Developed scalable aerial LiDAR and 3D point-cloud segmentation pipelines using PyTorch, GPU/HPC, semantic segmentation, domain adaptation, and class-imbalance handling.
  • Developed an edge-based traffic video analytics pipeline on NVIDIA Jetson devices using YOLO, ByteTrack, road-bound filtering, and trajectory analysis.
  • Building a phased smart-manufacturing testbed spanning SysML and network-based digital twins, Docker/Containernet cyber ranges, attack graphs, and controlled vulnerability evaluation.
  • Developing self-supervised anomaly detection and diffusion-based 2D/3D medical-imaging methods with emphasis on explainability, responsibility, and human oversight.

Assistant Director – University Quality Assurance Cell

KIIT University · Sep 2022 – Dec 2024
Accreditation · Institutional analytics · Quality assurance
  • Led accreditation, ranking, audit, compliance, and institutional reporting involving NAAC, NBA, ABET, QS, THE, and NIRF.
  • Built data-driven academic assessment and sustainability dashboards.
  • Coordinated evidence, reporting, and communication with national and international external bodies.

Assistant Professor – School of Electrical Engineering

KIIT University · Aug 2017 – Dec 2024
Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
  • Taught and developed 12+ undergraduate and graduate courses in power systems, power electronics, renewable energy, IoT, and industrial automation.
  • Helped establish industrial automation and PCB manufacturing laboratories with industry partners.
  • Contributed to curriculum development, applied research, accreditation, project supervision, and student mentoring.
  • Supported international students and institutional internationalization activities across a diverse campus community.

Graduate Research Assistant

University of Missouri–Kansas City · Jan 2016 – Jul 2017
Missouri Center for Advanced Power
  • Conducted research on power-semiconductor aging, condition monitoring, and reflectometry-based fault diagnosis.
  • Designed and built an accelerated aging and diagnostic test platform using regulated power delivery, thermal management, PCB gate drivers, simulation, and laboratory validation.
  • Worked with MATLAB, Simulink, PSpice, LabVIEW, ANSYS, circuit instrumentation, and high-power switching hardware.

Graduate Teaching Assistant

University of Missouri–Kansas City · Jan 2016 – May 2016
Circuit Theory I Laboratory
  • Introduced students to testing and measurement instruments, laboratory safety, experimental methods, and data interpretation.
  • Supported hands-on laboratory work connecting circuit theory with physical measurements.

Earlier Engineering Experience

OPTCL and ALFA Transformer · 2012 – 2013
Power transmission · Transformers · Industrial training
  • Received practical exposure to substations, transformers, CTs, PTs, circuit breakers, protection systems, transmission lines, and maintenance practices at OPTCL.
  • Studied transformer design, manufacturing, testing, and industrial documentation at ALFA Transformer.

Education

Doctor of Philosophy, Computer Science

Virginia Commonwealth University · Jan 2025 – Present
Focus: Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity

Doctoral research across AI, computer vision, cybersecurity, and resilient cyber-physical systems.

Master of Science, Electrical Engineering

University of Missouri–Kansas City · Aug 2014 – May 2016
Focus: Energy and Power Systems

Graduate study in power electronics, power systems, control, embedded systems, and energy applications.

Bachelor of Technology, Electrical Engineering

KIIT University · Aug 2010 – May 2014
Bhubaneswar, India

Undergraduate education in electrical engineering fundamentals, power systems, machines, electronics, and applied design.

Awards, Memberships, and Research Profiles

Awards and Recognition

Academic, professional, and service recognition
  • IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Students and Young Professionals Activity Award, 2025
  • Dean's International Scholar Award, University of Missouri–Kansas City, 2014
  • Rajya Puraskar

Professional Memberships

Engineering and research communities
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
  • IEEE Power and Energy Society
  • Institution of Engineering and Technology

Research Profiles

Persistent researcher identity and public records

Certifications and Research Training

Grouped to keep the portfolio research-focused while preserving the complete training record.

Research Ethics, Compliance, and Clinical Research

CITI Program
  • Research Study Design (RSD)
  • Research Security Training (Combined)
  • Redefining Ethical Research Practice in the Age of AI
  • Information Security
  • ICH E6(R3): An Introduction
  • Health Privacy (HIPAA)
  • General Responsible Conduct of Research Training
  • Generative AI in Research Design
  • Good Clinical Practice for Clinical Investigations of Drugs and Devices (FDA)
  • Biomedical Research
  • Artificial Intelligence: The Impact on Academic and Research Integrity
  • Artificial Intelligence and Human Subject Protections

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Professional and applied training
  • Neuro-Symbolic AI: The Third Wave of AI
  • Supervised Machine Learning: Regression and Classification
  • Football Analytics Using Python

Industrial AI, Cybersecurity, and Smart Systems

Industrial technology and national-security learning
  • 2025 National Security Collegiate Academy
  • AI Frontiers 2025: Driving the Next Revolution in Smart Manufacturing
  • Harnessing AI and GenAI for Smarter Industrial Systems: Use Cases and Future Trends
  • IIoT World Energy Day 2026
  • SCADA Basic
  • IoT Foundations: Fundamentals

Energy, IoT, and Engineering

Power, infrastructure, simulation, and sensing
  • Advancing Grid Resilience: Intelligent Control, Grid-Forming Inverters, and EV
  • An AI/IoT-Based System of GEOsensor NETworks for Real-Time Monitoring of Unstable Terrain and Artificial Structures
  • Electrical Engineering Simulations with ETAP
  • CornellX ENGR2000X: A Hands-On Introduction to Engineering Simulations

Academic and Professional Development

Teaching, qualifications, and higher-education engagement
  • QS Higher Ed Summit: Asia Pacific 2024
  • QS India Summit 2024
  • Verified International Academic Qualifications
  • International Graduate Teaching Assistant

Contact

Virginia Commonwealth University

Department of Computer Science

Graduate Research Assistant and PhD Student
Richmond, Virginia, United States

Email

Academic and professional contact

Resume and Profiles

Current two-page resume and research profiles